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TEORÍA


GRAMATICA INGLES estilo indirecto


USO: Para informar o describir lo que alguien dice o piensa.


FORMA:


La frase principal contiene el "verbo informativo o interrogativo":
VERBOS INFORMATIVOS: SAY, TELL, PROMISE, KNOW, BELIEVE, THINK, CLAIM etc.
VERBO INTERROGATIVOS: ASK, WONDER; WANT/WOULD LIKE TO KNOW.

La frase sustantiva contiene la afirmación o pregunta de la cual se informa.

EJEMPLOS:

‘I asked him why he stole that car.’
‘He told me that he needed it to go on a trip.’
‘He said he'd never had such a nice car.’
‘He wanted to know my opinion.’


STATEMENTS AND QUESTIONS


Para afirmaciones, usamos la conjuncion THAT (Generalmente omitida en el inglés informal.)

[FRASE PRINCIPAL + (THAT) + FRASE SUSTANTIVA]

EJEMPLOS:

‘Sarah says (that) she will talk to you later.’
‘She said (that) she was leaving.’

Para preguntar, utilizamos IF (Preguntas Yes/No) o WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHY, WHERE, HOW, HOW MUCH o HOW MANY (Preguntas "WH").

Tome nota de que el verbo en la frase sustantiva asume la forma afirmativa o negativa normal y no la forma interrogativa.

A menudo usamos "preguntas dobles" con ASK, TELL o KNOW para solicitar cortesmente una información. ‘May I ask what your name is?’ es más cortes que ‘What's your name?’

[FRASE PRINCIPAL + IF o PALABRA "WH" + FRASE SUSTANTIVA]

EJEMPLOS:

‘He's asking her if she likes it.’
‘Ask her who she is.’


TIME ASPECTS


Cuando el verbo informativo (SAY, THINK, ASK etc.) esta en pasado, la afirmación/idea o pregunta "original" podrá ser modificada.


VERBO EN LA FRASE SUSTANTIVA INFORMADA:


Cuando el verbo informativo en la frase principal esta en pasado, el verbo de la frase sustantiva también por lo general esta en el pasado, incluso cuando la afirmación o idea original esta en presente.

DIRECT SPEECH
Be Present
Present Simple
Present Progressive
Past/Present Perfect
Modals

INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH
Be Past
Past Simple
Past Progressive
Past Perfect
Past Modals

EJEMPLO:

Dave: ‘I want to go later.’
Dave said that he wanted to go later.


PRONOMBRES:


Los pronombres también deben cambiarse para que concuerden con la afirmación informada.

EJEMPLOS:

Steven: ‘I bought Chris a TV for Christmas.’
Steven said that he'd bought Chris a TV for Christmas.

Ana: ‘Can I use your computer?’
Ana asked me if she could use my computer.


ADVERBIALES DE TIEMPO:


Cuando el verbo informativo esta en pasado, los Adverbiales de Tiempo también pueden cambiar. A continuación hay algunos cambios posibles:

DIRECT
Now
Today
Tomorrow
Next week, etc.
Yesterday
Last week etc.
This/That
That/Those
Here

INDIRECT/REPORTED
Then/At that time
That day/The same day
The next/folowing day
The next/following week, etc.
The day before
The week before
These/Those
The There


1. When I went diving in Egypt, they asked me if ------------ it before.
  • I was doing
  • I had done
  • had I done

2. I ---------- two summers in a row in thailand before i went back to college.
  • have spent
  • spent
  • had spent

3. I think we ------- go to the beach but Sarah told us not to.
  • would
  • should
  • will

4. I knew she would receive the letter but i never thought it ------- that quick.
  • will be
  • would be
  • should be

5. I thought you --------- off the internet by now.
  • should be
  • would be
  • will be

6. You promised that you ------ be there waiting for me but you weren't.
  • should
  • would
  • will

7. Can you tell me --------- any cream for my cappucino.
  • if we have
  • if you have
  • if we have it

8. I think -------. Would you like some?
  • we have it
  • you have it
  • you have it

9. Can I ask you --------- any other colours in this dress?
  • if i have
  • if we have
  • if you have

10. Did you see Jacks new car?. I wonder where ------- it.
  • he buys
  • he buy
  • he bought

Score =

Correct answers:

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